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The case originally considered by Carl Friedrich Gauss was the quadratic Gauss sum, for R the field of residues modulo a prime number p, and χ the Legendre symbol.In this case Gauss proved that G(χ) = p 1 ⁄ 2 or ip 1 ⁄ 2 for p congruent to 1 or 3 modulo 4 respectively (the quadratic Gauss sum can also be evaluated by Fourier analysis as well as by contour integration).
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 11 February 2025. German mathematician, astronomer, geodesist, and physicist (1777–1855) "Gauss" redirects here. For other uses, see Gauss (disambiguation). Carl Friedrich Gauss Portrait by Christian Albrecht Jensen, 1840 (copy from Gottlieb Biermann, 1887) Born Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-04-30 ...
In number theory, quadratic Gauss sums are certain finite sums of roots of unity. A quadratic Gauss sum can be interpreted as a linear combination of the values of the complex exponential function with coefficients given by a quadratic character; for a general character, one obtains a more general Gauss sum.
The Gauss sum (,) can thus be written as a linear combination of Gaussian periods (with coefficients χ(a)); the converse is also true, as a consequence of the orthogonality relations for the group (Z/nZ) ×. In other words, the Gaussian periods and Gauss sums are each other's Fourier transforms.
Sartorius was the author of Gauss zum Gedächtnis, in 1856.It is also the source of one of the most famous mathematical quotes, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences", in full "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences and number theory is the queen of mathematics", [3] and the famous story of Gauss as a young boy quickly finding the sum of an arithmetic series.
“We’ve bought the view that America is a zero-sum game in many cases: ‘If you succeed, I fail,'” Biden said. “We’ve Found the Enemy, and It’s Not Each Other.”
The Hasse–Davenport relations, introduced by Davenport and Hasse , are two related identities for Gauss sums, one called the Hasse–Davenport lifting relation, and the other called the Hasse–Davenport product relation. The Hasse–Davenport lifting relation is an equality in number theory relating Gauss sums over different fields.
Which makes sense: the English journalist’s story was taken almost word-for-word from one of Sex and the City author Candace Bushnell’s earliest columns for the New York Observer, and the ...