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Causative forms are also found in the Uralic languages of Europe, such as Finnish: syödä "to eat" → syöttää "to feed" täysi "full" → täyttää "to fill" haihtua "to evaporate" → haihduttaa "to vaporize" The causative suffix is often used irregularly and/or because of historical reasons, as the following Finnish examples:
In English, the ACI construction occurs more so than other European languages, normally with verbs of wishing, saying and perceiving, as well as in causative clauses. Depending on the valency of the main verb in the sentence, English may use the infinitive with or without the infinitive marker to. I would like the President to be successful.
The main purpose is the same as the above, i.e. the means with which an action occurs. It has a role in the -(t)at-causative form of verbs, that is, the form of a verb that shows the subject caused someone else to action the verb. In this sense, the instrumental case is used to mark the person that was caused to execute the action expressed by ...
A role that one of those languages marks by case is often marked in English with a preposition. For example, the English prepositional phrase with (his) foot (as in "John kicked the ball with his foot") might be rendered in Russian using a single noun in the instrumental case, or in Ancient Greek as τῷ ποδί (tôi podí, meaning "the foot ...
In examples (25) and (26), it is seen that the infinitive (unconjugated) forms of the verb "yeolda" are the same, but causative and anticausative forms take on different conjugated forms in order to show causativity. Korean also bears similarities to Chinese in its verbal compounding.
English tends to favour labile alternations, [29] meaning that the same verb is used in the inchoative and causative forms. [28] This can be seen in the following example: broke is an intransitive inchoative verb in (3a) and a transitive causative verb in (3b).
In the sentence The man sees the dog, the dog is the direct object of the verb "to see". In English, which has mostly lost grammatical cases, the definite article and noun – "the dog" – remain the same noun form without number agreement in the noun either as subject or object, though an artifact of it is in the verb and has number agreement, which changes to "sees".
The following pair of examples illustrates the contrast between active and passive voice in English. In sentence (1), the verb form ate is in the active voice, but in sentence (2), the verb form was eaten is in the passive voice. Independent of voice, the cat is the Agent (the doer) of the action of eating in both sentences.