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In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions that synthesize RNA from a DNA template.
Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript. In virology, the term transcription is used when referring to mRNA synthesis from a viral RNA ...
This is in contrast to typical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, which all organisms use to catalyze the transcription of RNA from a DNA template. RdRp is an essential protein encoded in the genomes of most RNA-containing viruses that lack a DNA stage, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] including SARS-CoV-2 .
It then copies the gene sequence into a messenger RNA transcript until it reaches a region of DNA called the terminator, where it halts and detaches from the DNA. As with human DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, RNA polymerase II, the enzyme that transcribes most of the genes in the human genome, operates as part of a large protein complex with ...
5430 20020 Ensembl ENSG00000284832 ENSG00000181222 ENSMUSG00000005198 UniProt P24928 P08775 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000937 NM_009089 NM_001291068 RefSeq (protein) NP_000928 NP_001277997 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 7.48 – 7.51 Mb Chr 11: 69.62 – 69.65 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, also known as RPB1, is an enzyme that is encoded ...
[2] [3] The mRNA sequence is determined by the sequence of genomic DNA. [4] In this context, the standard genetic code is referred to as translation table 1. [3] It can also be represented in a DNA codon table. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5 ′-to-3 ′ direction.
RNA polymerase, a DNA-dependent enzyme, transcribes the DNA sequences, called nucleotides, in the 3' to 5' direction while the complementary RNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. RNA is similar to DNA, except that RNA contains uracil, instead of thymine, which forms a base pair with adenine.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene. [5] [6] Function. This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA ...