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In mathematics and other fields, [a] a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is a generally minor, proven proposition which is used to prove a larger statement. For that reason, it is also known as a "helping theorem " or an "auxiliary theorem".
The Pythagorean theorem has at least 370 known proofs. [1]In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement that has been proven, or can be proven. [a] [2] [3] The proof of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of the axioms and previously proved theorems.
The portmanteau lemma provides several equivalent definitions of convergence in distribution. Although these definitions are less intuitive, they are used to prove a number of statistical theorems. The lemma states that {X n} converges in distribution to X if and only if any of the following statements are true: [5]
In mathematics, a fundamental theorem is a theorem which is considered to be central and conceptually important for some topic. For example, the fundamental theorem of calculus gives the relationship between differential calculus and integral calculus . [ 1 ]
Burnside's lemma also known as the Cauchy–Frobenius lemma; Frattini's lemma (finite groups) Goursat's lemma; Mautner's lemma (representation theory) Ping-pong lemma (geometric group theory) Schreier's subgroup lemma; Schur's lemma (representation theory) Zassenhaus lemma
In morphology and lexicography, a lemma (pl.: lemmas or lemmata) is the canonical form, [1] dictionary form, or citation form of a set of word forms. [2] In English, for example, break , breaks , broke , broken and breaking are forms of the same lexeme , with break as the lemma by which they are indexed.
It is used to prove Kronecker's lemma, which in turn, is used to prove a version of the strong law of large numbers under variance constraints. It may be used to prove Nicomachus's theorem that the sum of the first n {\displaystyle n} cubes equals the square of the sum of the first n {\displaystyle n} positive integers.
One theorem is another's lemma, though the mathematical language applies a nomenclature that generally tends to call only some things lemmas and others theorems by convention, or, because the word "theorem" is used when referring to more important or valuable theorems while lemmas are seen as less theorems which support more important theorems.