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Lymphedema, also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. [2] The lymphatic system functions as a critical portion of the body's immune system and returns interstitial fluid to the bloodstream .
The condition is commonly associated with vascular and cardiac changes associated with aging but can be caused by many other conditions, including congestive heart failure, kidney failure, liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension, trauma, alcoholism, altitude sickness, pregnancy, hypertension, sickle cell anemia, a compromised lymphatic system or merely long periods of time sitting or standing ...
The lymphatic system slowly removes excess fluid and proteins from the veins in the lower legs towards the upper body; however, as it is not as efficient as an unimpaired circulatory system, swelling (edema) is visible, particularly in the ankles and lower leg. The chronic increased fluid in the lymphatic system and capillary hyperpermeability ...
Milroy's disease (MD) is a familial disease characterized by lymphedema, commonly in the legs, caused by congenital abnormalities in the lymphatic system. Disruption of the normal drainage of lymph leads to fluid accumulation and hypertrophy of soft tissues. [2] [3]
The pathophysiology is not yet well understood. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is proposed to be the underlying cause resulting in reactive lymphedema. [2] Prolonged standing with full knee extension and minimal movement for a prolonged period of time is postulated to induce a temporary failure in pumping the venous and lymphatic systems in the calf region leading to acute gravity-dependent ...
Elephantiasis, often incorrectly called elephantitis, is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling (). [1] [2] It is characterised by edema, hypertrophy, and fibrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues, due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels (). [2]
Lymphedema. Lymphedema is the chronic pooling of lymph fluid in the tissue. Lymphedema can start anywhere in the lymphatic system of the body. It's also a side-effect of some surgical procedures. Kathy Bates is an advocate and supporter for further research for lymphedema. [3] Lymphocytosis. Lymphocytosis is a high lymphocyte count.
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical condition characterized by blood pooling in the veins, leading to increased pressure and strain on the vein walls. [1] The most common cause of CVI is superficial venous reflux, which often results in the formation of varicose veins, a treatable condition. [2]