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Although H. pylori infection can cause gastrointestinal metaplasia, its eradication does not reverse the process. [1] Bile reflux is an additional pathogenic factor in gastrointestinal metaplasia that can continuously irritate the gastric mucosa. Bile acids in refluxed fluid are widely reported to be associated with gastrointesinal metaplasia ...
Intestinal metaplasia typically begins in response to chronic mucosal injury in the antrum and may extend to the body. Gastric mucosa cells change to resemble intestinal mucosa and may even assume absorptive characteristics. Intestinal metaplasia is classified histologically as complete or incomplete. With complete metaplasia, gastric mucosa is ...
The presence of intestinal metaplasia in Barrett's esophagus represents a marker for the progression of metaplasia towards dysplasia and eventually adenocarcinoma. This factor combined with two different immunohistochemical expression of p53, Her2 and p16 leads to two different genetic pathways that likely progress to dysplasia in Barrett's ...
Intestinal metaplasia is a premalignant condition that increases the risk for subsequent gastric cancer. [4] Intestinal metaplasia lesions with an active DNA damage response will likely undergo extended latency in the premalignant state until further damaging hits override the DNA damage response leading to clonal expansion and progression. [4]
Reactive gastropathy is morphologically distinct entity [3] [4] that can be separated from gastritis, which by definition has a significant inflammatory component.. As a reactive gastropathy may mimic a (true) gastritis symptomatically and visually in an endoscopic examination, it may incorrectly be referred to as a gastritis.
Recent research has shown that autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (AMAG) is a result of the immune system attacking the parietal cells. [6]Environmental metaplastic atrophic gastritis (EMAG) is due to environmental factors, such as diet and H. pylori infection.
A Type I tumor, located between 5 and 1cm proximal to the OGJ, is an adenocarcinoma that typically arises from an area of intestinal metaplasia of the esophagus and can infiltrate the OGJ from above. A Type II tumor, located between 1cm proximal and 2cm distal to the OGJ, is a true adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia.
The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain-specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. This classification is widely used by cancer registries. It is currently in its third revision (ICD-O-3). ICD-10 includes a list of ...