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  2. IS/MP model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS/MP_model

    An increase in the interest rate, from a leftward shift of the MP curve or higher level of inflation, produces lower total output, Q. The IS curve displays a negative relationship between the real interest rate, located on the vertical axis, and total output, on the horizontal axis.

  3. Golden Rule savings rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Rule_savings_rate

    This requires that the amount of saved output be exactly what is needed to (1) equip any additional workers and (2) replace any worn out capital. In a steady state, therefore: s f ( k ) = ( n + d ) k {\displaystyle sf(k)=(n+d)k} , where n is the constant exogenous population growth rate, and d is the constant exogenous rate of depreciation of ...

  4. Genuine progress indicator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genuine_progress_indicator

    Genuine progress indicator (GPI) is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP). [1] The GPI is designed to take fuller account of the well-being of a nation, only a part of which pertains to the size of the nation's economy, by incorporating environmental and social factors which are not measured by GDP.

  5. IS–LM model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS–LM_model

    The multiplier effect of an increase in fixed investment resulting from a lower interest rate raises real GDP. This explains the downward slope of the IS curve. In summary, the IS curve shows the causation from interest rates to planned fixed investment to rising national income and output. The IS curve is defined by the equation

  6. Glossary of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics

    Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...

  7. Investment (macroeconomics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investment_(macroeconomics)

    In macroeconomics, investment "consists of the additions to the nation's capital stock of buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a year" [1] or, alternatively, investment spending — "spending on productive physical capital such as machinery and construction of buildings, and on changes to inventories — as part of total spending" on goods and services per year.

  8. Measures of national income and output - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measures_of_national...

    A variety of measures of national income and output are used in economics to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), Gross national income (GNI), net national income (NNI), and adjusted national income (NNI adjusted for natural resource depletion – also called as NNI at factor cost).

  9. National saving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_saving

    In this simple economic model with a closed economy there are three uses for GDP (the goods and services it produces in a year). If Y is national income (GDP), then the three uses of C consumption, I investment, and G government purchases can be expressed as: