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Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a single red, tender, hot, and swollen joint. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intensity in less than twelve hours. [ 3 ]
Gout was historically known as "the disease of kings" or "rich man's disease" [3] [8] and has been recognized since at least the time of the ancient Egyptians. [ 3 ] References
During a gout flare-up, you have acute gout symptoms, such as intense pain and swelling in an affected joint. Intercritical gout. This is the time between gout flares when you have no symptoms ...
Gout is inflammation caused by the deposition of needle-shaped monosodium urate crystals in the joints. It is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis in the United States. The disease typically affects a single joint in earlier stages but can progress into polyarthritis over time.
Gout can occur where serum uric acid levels are as low as 6 mg per 100 mL (357 μmol/L), but an individual can have serum values as high as 9.6 mg per 100 mL (565 μmol/L) and not have gout. [ 18 ] In humans, purines are metabolized into uric acid, which is then excreted in the urine.
Without treatment, tophi may develop on average about ten years after the onset of gout, although their first appearance can range from three to forty-two years. The development of gouty tophi can also limit joint function and cause bone destruction, leading to noticeable disabilities, especially when gout cannot successfully be treated. [ 2 ]
The symptoms can be monoarticular (involving a single joint) or polyarticular (involving several joints). [1] Symptoms usually last for days to weeks, and often recur. Although any joint may be affected, the knees, wrists, and hips are most common. [4] CPPD crystals appear as shattered glass under the microscope.
Allopurinol is used to reduce urate formation in conditions where urate deposition has already occurred or is predictable. The specific diseases and conditions where it is used include gouty arthritis, skin tophi, kidney stones, idiopathic gout; uric acid lithiasis; acute uric acid nephropathy; neoplastic disease and myeloproliferative disease with high cell turnover rates, in which high urate ...