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They are the oldest surviving tarot cards and date back to a period when tarot was still called Trionfi ("triumphs" [1] i.e. trump) cards, and used for everyday playing. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They were commissioned by Filippo Maria Visconti , Duke of Milan , and by his successor and son-in-law Francesco Sforza .
French-suited tarot decks are known as the oldest decks used for the Tarot. With the exception of novelty decks, French-suited tarot cards are almost exclusively used for card games. The earliest French-suited tarot decks were made by the de Poilly family of engravers, beginning with a Minchiate deck by François de Poilly in the late 1650s.
The Sola Busca tarot is the earliest completely extant example of a 78-card tarot deck. It is also the earliest tarot deck in which all the plain suit cards are illustrated [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and it is also the earliest tarot deck in which the trump card illustrations deviate from the classic tarot iconography.
Using tarot cards as a divination tool didn’t come about until the 1700s when Jean Baptiste-Alliette, known by the pseudonym Etteilla, published one of the first books on tarot being used in ...
Each deck consisted of 70 cards — the modern Tarot deck typically has 78. Met sheet, Ferrara c. 1500. The first attestation of a deck with 78 cards was in a poem by Matteo Maria Boiardo of Ferrara written between 1461–1494. The deck was structured like modern tarots, but the motifs and suits signs of the Boiardo deck are totally different.
Trump cards, initially called trionfi, first appeared with the advent of tarot cards, in which there is a separate, permanent trump suit comprising a number of picture cards. [7] The first known example of such cards was ordered by the Duke of Milan around 1420 and included 16 trumps with images of Greek and Roman gods. [8]