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In contrast to DKA, serum glucose levels in HHS are extremely high, usually greater than 40-50 mmol/L (600 mg/dL). [6] Metabolic acidosis is absent or mild. [6] A temporary state of confusion (delirium) is also more common in HHS than DKA. HHS also tends to affect older people more. DKA may have fruity breath, and rapid and deep breathing. [6]
Moreover, certain medications prescribed for different conditions have the potential to cause HHS. [13] [15] As with DKA, urgent medical treatment is necessary, commonly beginning with fluid volume replacement. [8] On the whole, HHS is a medical emergency marked with hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, dehydration, and mild or no ketosis. [15]
Hyperosmolar syndrome or diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome is a medical emergency caused by a very high blood glucose level. The prefix "hyper-" means high, and "osmolarity" is a measure of the concentration of active particles in a solution, so the name of the syndrome simply refers to the high concentration of glucose in the blood.
List of medical abbreviations: Overview; List of medical abbreviations: Latin abbreviations; List of abbreviations for medical organisations and personnel; List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions; List of optometric abbreviations
Forms terms denoting conditions relating to eating or ingestion Greek φαγία (phagía) eating < φᾰγεῖν (phageîn), to eat Sarcophagia-phago-eating, devouring Greek -φᾰ́γος (-phágos), eater of, eating phagocyte: phagist-Forms nouns that denote a person who 'feeds on' the first element or part of the word
HHS: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: HHT: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectisia HHV: human herpesvirus (including numerous subtypes such as HHV8) HI: homicidal ideation Hib: haemophilus influenzae B: HIDA: hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid: HIDS: hyper-IgD (and periodic fever) syndrome HIE: hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (cerebral hypoxia) HIT
Pronunciation follows convention outside the medical field, in which acronyms are generally pronounced as if they were a word (JAMA, SIDS), initialisms are generally pronounced as individual letters (DNA, SSRI), and abbreviations generally use the expansion (soln. = "solution", sup. = "superior").
This navigational template is based on Table 1.7, "Basic Medical Terms to Describe Disease Conditions" from the book Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Sixth Edition, by Ann Ehrlich and Carol L. Schroeder (ISBN-10: 1-4180-7252-4) and it is intended for use in the listed articles.