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German infantry taking cover behind trees on the Eastern Front. One man carries the Flammenwerfer 35. This flamethrower, like all flamethrowers employed by the Wehrmacht, was exclusively used by sturmpionieres (assault pioneers); specialist pioneers who were to assist the infantry in an assault, by overcoming natural and man-made obstacles for the infantry, clearing enemy fortifications with ...
The Flamethrower, Portable, No 2 (nicknamed "Lifebuoy" from the shape of its fuel tank), also known as the "Ack Pack", was a British design of backpack flamethrower for infantry use in the Second World War. It was a near copy of the German Wechselapparat ("Wex") from 1917. It contained 18 L (4.0 imp gal) of fuel in a doughnut-shaped container.
The English word flamethrower is a loan-translation of the German word Flammenwerfer, since the modern flamethrower was invented in Germany. The first flamethrower, in the modern sense, is usually credited to Richard Fiedler. He submitted evaluation models of his Flammenwerfer to the German Army in 1901. The most significant model submitted was ...
A US soldier holds up a German static flamethrower, probably an Abwehrflammenwerfer 42. An Abwehrflammenwerfer 42 displayed at Elizabeth Castle, Jersey, 2017. The Abwehrflammenwerfer 42 was a German static defensive flamethrower, flame fougasse or flame mine used during the Second World War.
The Flammenwerfer 41, or FmW 41 (literally, "flame thrower"), was the standard German flamethrower beginning in 1941 and an upgraded version of the earlier Flammenwerfer 35, whose main issue was its excessive weight of 36 kg (79 lb), with the Flammenwerfer 41 being only 18 kg (40 lb). [1]
The Wechselapparat M.1917 (Wex) was a World War I German flamethrower introduced in early May of 1917 to replace the earlier Kleif.It was developed by engineer workshops within the Guards Reserve Pioneer Regiment (Garde-Reserve-Pionier-Regiment), which was the main flamethrower unit of the Imperial German Army.
It was the first flamethrower ever used in combat, in 1916 at Verdun by the Germans. It was also used in 1918 in the battle of Argonne Forest in France against Allied forces by Germans, as featured in the 2001 film The Lost Battalion where the main character fights German, although an account in a 1917 issue of The Living Age suggests ...
The first series of German man-portable flamethrower was called the Kleinflammenwerfer ('small flamethrower') or "Kleif". Fuel oil was stored in a large vertical, cylindrical backpack container. High-pressure propellant was typically stored in another, smaller container within the fuel tank or attached externally depending on model.