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The "proof" started with enemy bullets, then got a little out of control with grenades, rockets and unexploded ordnance. So, a coin-sized item emblazoned with the unit's insignia became the accepted form of proof. This tradition, now known as a coin check, continues today, hence it being called a "challenge" coin. [15]
The Airman's coin is a challenge coin that is awarded to United States Air Force enlisted Airmen upon completion of Basic Military Training at Lackland AFB, Texas. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] After the award of the coin the individual is no longer referred to as " trainee ," but as "Airman," marking the successful completion of the first phase of training in ...
A Dictionary of Military Architecture: Fortification and Fieldworks from the Iron Age to the Eighteenth Century by Stephen Francis Wyley, drawings by Steven Lowe; Victorian Forts glossary Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. A more comprehensive version has been published as A Handbook of Military Terms by David Moore at the same site
As part of the process, government analysts must improve their capabilities to understand how history, society, culture, and psychology interact. [ 10 ] At a special briefing for representatives of non-governmental organizations, the U.S. Department of State's Deputy Director for Political Affairs in the Office of Iraq presented a plea for help ...
Those who join the military enter a new social realm in which they become socialized as military members. [1] [2] Resocialization is defined as a "process wherein an individual, defined as inadequate according to the norms of a dominant institution(s), is subjected to a dynamic program of behavior intervention aimed at instilling and/or rejuvenating those values, attitudes, and abilities which ...
The breakdown of discipline, including fragging, was an important influence on the U.S. change to an all-volunteer military in place of conscription. The last conscript was inducted into the army in 1973. [13] [14] The volunteer military moderated some of the coercive methods of discipline previously used to maintain order in military ranks.
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Counterinsurgency (COIN, or NATO spelling counter-insurgency [1]) is "the totality of actions aimed at defeating irregular forces". [2] The Oxford English Dictionary defines counterinsurgency as any "military or political action taken against the activities of guerrillas or revolutionaries" [3] and can be considered war by a state against a non-state adversary. [4]