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This allows plants that may require an animal pollinator to stand out from other flowers or distinguish where their flowers are in a muddied background of other plant parts. [5] For the plant, it is important to share and receive pollen so they can reproduce, maintain their ecological role, and guide the evolutionary history of the population.
The light-harvesting complex (or antenna complex; LH or LHC) is an array of protein and chlorophyll molecules embedded in the thylakoid membrane of plants and cyanobacteria, which transfer light energy to one chlorophyll a molecule at the reaction center of a photosystem. The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and ...
Polarized light pollution [1] is a subset of the various forms of light pollution referring specifically to polarized light. In nature, water and water vapor polarize the sunlight (which itself is slightly polarized). By receiving the direction of polarized photons, some species can correct their course during migration. Artificial polarization ...
Ecological light pollution [1] is the effect of artificial light on individual organisms and on the structure of ecosystems as a whole.. The effect that artificial light has upon organisms is highly variable, [2] and ranges from beneficial (e.g. increased ability for predator species to observe prey) to immediately fatal (e.g. moths that are attracted to incandescent lanterns and are killed by ...
When there are lower light intensities for example on an overcast day, any absorbed sunlight by higher plants is converted to electricity for photosynthesis. [11] When conditions allow for direct sunlight the capacity of PPC in higher plants to absorb and transfer energy, exceeds the capacity of downstream metabolic or biochemical processes. [ 11 ]
For an example, the halfwave voltage is approximately 7.6 kV for a KDP crystal with a n o = 1.51, r 63 = 10.6X10-12 m/V at λ 0, and Δφ = π. [4] The advantage of using longitudinal Pockels cells is that the voltage requirements for quarter wave or half wave retardance is not dependent on crystal length or diameter.
Dextrorotation and laevorotation (also spelled levorotation) [1] [2] in chemistry and physics are the optical rotation of plane-polarized light.From the point of view of the observer, dextrorotation refers to clockwise or right-handed rotation, and laevorotation refers to counterclockwise or left-handed rotation.
At any particular wavelength, partially polarized light can be statistically described as the superposition of a completely unpolarized component and a completely polarized one. [5]: 346–347 [6]: 330 One may then describe the light in terms of the degree of polarization and the parameters of the polarized component. That polarized component ...