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The auxiliary electrode may be isolated from the working electrode using a glass frit. Such isolation prevents any byproducts generated at the auxiliary electrode from contaminating the main test solution: for example, if a reduction is being performed at the working electrode in aqueous solution, oxygen may be evolved from the auxiliary electrode.
The electrode current is kept fairly constant during operation by automatically raising and lowering the electrodes. When current increases, the electrodes are raised, increasing the electrical resistance between the electrodes and the furnace floor. Hence reducing the current, produces the opposite effect when the voltage is kept constant.
Both of these electrodes are balanced by a single reference and auxiliary combination for an overall four-electrode design. More complicated experiments may add working electrodes, reference, or auxiliary electrodes as required. [7] In practice it can be important to have a working electrode with known dimensions and surface characteristics.
It is the electrode that completes the circuit of the three-electrode cell, as it allows the passage of current. It enables the analysis of processes in which electronic transfer takes place. Screen-printed electrode with the three electrode system, reference electrode (RE), working electrode (WE) and auxiliary or counter electrode (AE or CE)
The connection can be direct, through a narrow tube to reduce mixing, or through a salt bridge, depending on the other electrode and solution. This creates an ionically conductive path to the working electrode of interest. A reference electrode is an electrode that has a stable and well-known electrode potential.
The counter electrode, also known as the auxiliary or second electrode, can be any material that conducts current easily, will not react with the bulk solution, and has a surface area much larger than the working electrode. Common choices are platinum and graphite. Reactions occurring at the counter electrode surface are unimportant as long as ...
This cylinder, referred to as an electrode is then put into a large cylindrical enclosed crucible and brought to a metallurgical vacuum (0.001–0.1 mmHg or 0.1–13.3 Pa). At the bottom of the crucible is a small amount of the alloy to be remelted, which the top electrode is brought close to prior to starting the melt.
110–119 – Y8A 8-pin steel tube base; Rimlock B8A; 130–139 – Octal; 150–159 – German 10-pin with spigot; 10-pin glass with one big pin; Octal; 160–169 – Inline wire-ended Pencil tubes; Y8A 8-pin steel tube base; 170–179 – RFT 8-pin; RFT 11-pin all-glass gnome tube with one offset pin; 180–189 – Noval B9A; 190–199 ...