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Rust fungi grow intracellularly, and make spore-producing fruiting bodies within or, more often, on the surfaces of affected plant parts. [3] Some rust species form perennial systemic infections that may cause plant deformities such as growth retardation, witch's broom , stem canker, galls , or hypertrophy of affected plant parts.
The fungus has, however, extended its range in Europe as far north as Scandinavia [4] and the British Isles [5] through the frequent use of savin and other junipers as ornamental garden shrubs. Gymnosporangium sabinae has also been reported from North America. [2] Pear rust is a regulated disease in some countries.
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae is a plant pathogen that causes cedar-apple rust. [1] In virtually any location where apples or crabapples and eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) coexist, cedar apple rust can be a destructive or disfiguring disease on both the apples and cedars.
Puccinia is a genus of fungi.All species in this genus are obligate plant pathogens and are known as rusts. [1] The genus contains about 4000 species. [2]The genus name of Puccinia is in honour of Tommaso Puccini (died 1735), who was an Italian doctor and botanist who taught anatomy at Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova in Florence.
The fungus causes leek rust, but it also affects garlic, onion, and chives. [3] In 2016, Alistair McTaggart and colleagues used molecular phylogenetic analysis to sort out collections of fungi labeled as Puccinia allii occurring in Australia, and placed this name in synonymy with Puccinia porri .
Wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is a fungal disease that affects wheat, barley, rye stems, leaves and grains. In temperate zones it is destructive on winter wheat because the pathogen overwinters. Infections can lead up to 20% yield loss. The pathogen is a Puccinia rust fungus.
Uromyces is a genus of rust fungi in the family Pucciniaceae.The genus was described by Franz Unger in his 1833 work Die Exantheme der Pflanzen.They have a worldwide distribution but large occurrences happen in North America and Europe.
Gymnosporangium globosum is a heteroecious rust fungus that requires two hosts to complete its life cycle. Its telial stage occurs on eastern red cedar, Rocky Mountain juniper, southern red cedar, and other common junipers while its aecial stage will be found on apple, crabapple, hawthorne, and occasionally on pear, quince, and serviceberry.