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A ranula is a type of mucocele, and therefore could be classified as a disorder of the salivary glands. Usually a ranula is confined to the floor of the mouth (termed a "simple ranula"). [6] An unusual variant is the cervical ranula (also called a plunging or diving ranula), where the swelling is in the neck rather than the floor of the mouth. [1]
The most common location to find a mucocele is the inner surface of the lower lip. It can also be found on the inner side of the cheek (known as the buccal mucosa), on the anterior ventral tongue, and the floor of the mouth. When found on the floor of the mouth, the mucocele is referred to as a ranula. They are rarely found on the upper lip.
Ranula is a mucocele under the tongue. Ranulas may be larger than mucoceles at other sites; they are usually associated with the sublingual gland, and less often they arise from the submandibular gland or a minor salivary gland. [11] Rarely, a ranula may descend into the neck rather than the mouth (plunging ranula).
The paired submandibular glands (historically known as submaxillary glands) are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth.In adult humans, they each weigh about 15 grams and contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their contribution decreases in proportion as parotid gland secretion rises to 50%. [1]
A sialocele is a localized, subcutaneous cavity containing saliva. [1] [2] It is caused by trauma (e.g. violence, accident or surgery) or infection. [1]They most commonly develop about 8–14 days after injury.
Sensation: The oral mucosa is richly innervated, meaning it is a very good at sensing pain, touch, temperature and taste. A number of cranial nerves are involved in sensations in the mouth including trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves. The dorsum of the tongue is covered in specialised mucosa.
Some recommend biopsy if the lesions persists more than 6 weeks after giving up smokeless tobacco use, [7] or if the lesion undergoes a change in appearance (e.g. ulceration, thickening, color changes, especially to speckled white and red or entirely red). [8] Surgical excision may be carried out if the lesion does not resolve. [7]
The fimbriated fold of tongue, also plica fimbriata, is a slight fold of the mucous membrane on the underside of the tongue which runs laterally on either side of the frenulum. The free edge of the fimbriated fold occasionally exhibits a series of fringe-like processes. (Fimbria is Latin for fringe).