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  2. Motion (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_(geometry)

    In his book Principles of Mathematics (1903), Russell considered a motion to be a Euclidean isometry that preserves orientation. [11] In 1914 D. M. Y. Sommerville used the idea of a geometric motion to establish the idea of distance in hyperbolic geometry when he wrote Elements of Non-Euclidean Geometry. [12] He explains:

  3. Euclidean group - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_group

    In mathematics, a Euclidean group is ... the direct Euclidean isometries are also called "rigid motions". Lie structure ... Non-countable groups, where for all points ...

  4. Rigid transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigid_transformation

    (A reflection would not preserve handedness; for instance, it would transform a left hand into a right hand.) To avoid ambiguity, a transformation that preserves handedness is known as a rigid motion, a Euclidean motion, or a proper rigid transformation. In dimension two, a rigid motion is either a translation or a rotation.

  5. Rigidity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigidity_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a rigid collection C of mathematical objects (for instance sets or functions) is one in which every c ∈ C is uniquely determined by less information about c than one would expect. The above statement does not define a mathematical property ; instead, it describes in what sense the adjective "rigid" is typically used in ...

  6. Affine transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine_transformation

    Let X be an affine space over a field k, and V be its associated vector space. An affine transformation is a bijection f from X onto itself that is an affine map; this means that a linear map g from V to V is well defined by the equation () = (); here, as usual, the subtraction of two points denotes the free vector from the second point to the first one, and "well-defined" means that ...

  7. Isometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometry

    Translation T is a direct isometry: a rigid motion. [1] In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. [a] The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning ...

  8. Geometric rigidity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_rigidity

    In other words, a rigid framework (,) of a GCS has no nearby framework of the GCS that is reachable via a non-trivial continuous motion of (,) that preserves the constraints of the GCS. Structural rigidity is another theory of rigidity that concerns generic frameworks , i.e., frameworks whose rigidity properties are representative of all ...

  9. Euclidean space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_space

    As the special Euclidean group is a subgroup of index two of the Euclidean group, given a reflection r, every rigid transformation that is not a rigid motion is the product of r and a rigid motion. A glide reflection is an example of a rigid transformation that is not a rigid motion or a reflection. All groups that have been considered in this ...