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The Philippines' Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Product Standards (Filipino: Kawanihan ng mga Pamantayan sa Produktong Pansaka at Pampangisdaan, abbreviated as BAFS), is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Agriculture responsible for setting and implementing standards for fresh primary and secondary processed agricultural and fishery products.
A few typical hardening agents include carbon monoxide gas (CO), sodium cyanide and barium carbonate, or hardwood charcoal. In gas carburizing, carbon is given off by propane or natural gas . In liquid carburizing, the carbon is derived from a molten salt composed mainly of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and barium chloride (BaCl 2 ).
Case-hardening or carburization is the process of introducing carbon to the surface of a low-carbon iron, or more commonly a low-carbon steel object, in order to harden the surface. Iron which has a carbon content greater than ~0.02% is known as steel .
Despite the naming, the process is a modified form of nitriding and not carburizing. The shared attribute of this class of this process is the introduction of nitrogen and carbon in the ferritic state of the material. The processes are divided into four main classes: gaseous, salt bath, ion or plasma, or fluidized-bed. The trade name and ...
The case depth can be specified in two ways: total case depth or effective case depth. The total case depth is the true depth of the case. For most alloys, the effective case depth is the depth of the case that has a hardness equivalent of HRC50; however, some alloys specify a different hardness (40-60 HRC) at effective case depth; this is ...
The Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) is a council of the Department of Science and Technology of the Philippines government. The council aims to help national research and development efforts in agriculture, forestry, and natural resources of the Philippines. It does so by ...
Precipitation hardening (also called age hardening) is a process where a second phase that begins in solid solution with the matrix metal is precipitated out of solution with the metal as it is quenched, leaving particles of that phase distributed throughout to cause resistance to slip dislocations. This is achieved by first heating the metal ...
Defects from uneven drying, resulting in the rupture of the wood tissue, such as checks (surface, end and internal), end splits, honey-combing and case hardening. Collapse, often shown as corrugation, or so-called washboarding of the wood surface, may also occur (Innes, 1996). Collapse is a defect that results from the physical flattening of ...