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20] In this example, the sender of a message runs it through a MAC algorithm to produce a MAC data tag. The message and the MAC tag are then sent to the receiver. The receiver in turn runs the message portion of the transmission through the same MAC algorithm using the same key, producing a second MAC data tag.
WireGuard uses only [7] UDP, [5] due to the potential disadvantages of TCP-over-TCP. [7] [11] [12] Tunneling TCP over a TCP-based connection is known as "TCP-over-TCP", and doing so can induce a dramatic loss in transmission performance due to the TCP meltdown problem. Its default server port is UDP 51820.
The two building blocks of the construction, the algorithms Poly1305 and ChaCha20, were both independently designed, in 2005 and 2008, by Daniel J. Bernstein. [2] [3]In March 2013, a proposal was made to the IETF TLS working group to include Salsa20, a winner of the eSTREAM competition [4] to replace the aging RC4-based ciphersuites.
SAE was originally implemented for use between peers in IEEE 802.11s. [1] When peers discover each other (and security is enabled) they take part in an SAE exchange. If SAE completes successfully, each peer knows the other party possesses the mesh password and, as a by-product of the SAE exchange, the two peers establish a cryptographically strong key.
The authenticator checks the response against its own calculation of the expected hash value. If the values match, the authenticator acknowledges the authentication; otherwise it should terminate the connection. In PPP, the authenticator may send a new challenge at random intervals to the peer and repeats steps 1 through 3.
Key management and the establishment of secure associations is outside the scope of 802.1AE, but is specified by 802.1X-2010.. The 802.1AE standard specifies the implementation of a MAC Security Entities (SecY) that can be thought of as part of the stations attached to the same LAN, providing secure MAC service to the client.
Bob checks the format and timestamp. If either is incorrect or invalid, the session is aborted. The message is then decrypted with Bob's secret key, giving Alice's ID. Bob checks if the message matches a valid user. If not, the session is aborted. Bob sends Alice a message back to show that Bob is a valid user. Alice verifies the message:
USIM Application Toolkit (USAT) is the equivalent of STK for 3G networks. [4] USAT takes advantage of the multiapplication environment of 3G devices by not activating until a specific application has been selected, unlike STK which is activated at startup. [13] Some functions are card related rather than application related. [5]