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Learn about the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the human body, and the mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and blood. Find out how respiration differs from cellular respiration, and how it is affected by various factors and conditions.
The respiratory system is a biological system for gas exchange in animals and plants. It consists of specific organs and structures, such as lungs, airways, gills, or stomata, that vary depending on the size, environment, and evolution of the organism.
Breathing is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment. Learn how breathing is controlled by muscles, how it affects the body's pH and temperature, and what are its other functions such as speech and expression.
Learn about the muscles that contribute to inhalation and exhalation, including the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and accessory muscles. Accessory muscles are muscles that assist, but do not play a primary role, in breathing, and may be activated during respiratory distress.
The respiratory tract is the part of the respiratory system that conducts air to the lungs for gas exchange. The upper airways include the nose, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and sometimes the trachea. Learn about their anatomy, physiology, and diseases.
Learn about the anatomy, function, and variations of the thoracic diaphragm, a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The diaphragm is the most important muscle of respiration, and has openings for the aorta, esophagus, and inferior vena cava.
Exhalation is the flow of breath out of an organism, mainly to get rid of carbon dioxide. Learn how exhalation works, how it is measured, and how it is affected by various factors such as weight, smoking, and diseases.
Ventilation facilitates respiration. Respiration refers to the utilization of oxygen and balancing of carbon dioxide by the body as a whole, or by individual cells in cellular respiration. [1] The most important function of breathing is the supplying of oxygen to the body and balancing of the carbon dioxide levels.