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Where HV is the hydroxyl value; V B is the amount (ml) potassium hydroxide solution required for the titration of the blank; V acet is the amount (ml) of potassium hydroxide solution required for the titration of the acetylated sample; W acet is the weight of the sample (in grams) used for acetylation; N is the normality of the titrant; 56.1 is ...
The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time. Usually, clearance is measured in L/h or mL/min. [2] Excretion, on the other hand, is a measurement of the amount of a substance removed from the body per unit time (e.g., mg/min, μg/min, etc.). While clearance and ...
mmol/L Sodium: 135 [1] 150 [1] mmol/L Potassium: 2.6 [1] 3.0 [1] mmol/L Chloride: 115 [1] 130 [1] mmol/L >100% [1] Calcium: 1.00 [1] 1.40 [1] mmol/L ~50% [1] Magnesium: 1.2 [1] 1.5 [1] mmol/L >100% [1] Iron: 0.2 [1] 0.4 [1] μmol/L
Calculated osmolarity = 2 Na + Glucose + Urea (all in mmol/L) As Na+ is the major extracellular cation, the sum of osmolarity of all other anions can be assumed to be equal to natremia, hence [Na+]x2 ≈ [Na+] + [anions] To calculate plasma osmolality use the following equation (typical in the US): = 2[Na +
The trans-tubular potassium gradient (TTKG) is an index reflecting the conservation of potassium in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD) of the kidneys. It is useful in diagnosing the causes of hyperkalemia or hypokalemia. [1] [2] The TTKG estimates the ratio of potassium in the lumen of the CCD to that in the peritubular capillaries.
Emergency lowering of potassium levels is needed when new arrhythmias occur at any level of potassium in the blood, or when potassium levels exceed 6.5 mmol/L. Several agents are used to temporarily lower K + levels. The choice depends on the degree and cause of the hyperkalemia, and other aspects of the person's condition.
The osmol gap is typically calculated with the following formula (all values in mmol/L): = = ([+] + [] + []) In non-SI laboratory units: Calculated osmolality = 2 x [Na mmol/L] + [glucose mg/dL] / 18 + [BUN mg/dL] / 2.8 + [ethanol/3.7] [3] (note: the values 18 and 2.8 convert mg/dL into mmol/L; the molecular weight of ethanol is 46, but empiric data shows that it does not act as an ideal ...
Liquid potassium citrate/gluconate therapy for adults and teenagers taken two to four times a day [3] 20 mEq potassium 20*324/3=2160 mg Potassium gluconate (anhydrous) C 6 H 11 KO 7: 234.245 g/mol 1 (K +) Liquid potassium citrate/gluconate therapy for adults and teenagers taken two to four times a day [3] 20 mEq potassium 20*234.245/1=4685 mg