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The two measures are often confused in descriptions of dog breeds. The cephalic index is used to classify animals into three groups: Brachycephalic (literally 'short-headed'): the length of the cranium is shorter than the width, giving the top and sides of the cranium a round shape, often referred to as 'apple-head'.
The cephalic index or cranial index is a number obtained by taking the maximum width (biparietal diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism, multiplying it by 100 and then dividing it by their maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back). The index was once used to categorize human beings in the first half of ...
Brachycephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek βραχύς, 'short' and κεφαλή, 'head') is the shape of a skull shorter than average in its species.It is perceived as a cosmetically desirable trait in some domesticated dog and cat breeds, notably the pug and Persian, and can be normal or abnormal in other animal species.
There are 24 dog breeds with brachycephalic conformation, with some breeds much more severely affected than others. Typically, the flatter the face, the more significant the health problems.
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...
What you might pay for common pet medical conditions. Condition. Average cost. Prevalence. Skin conditions. $200 to $2,500 • Number 1 in dogs (32% of claims)
Dogs with medium muzzles, such as the German Shepherd Dog, are called mesocephalic and dogs with a pushed in muzzle, such as the Pug, are called brachycephalic. Today's toy breeds have skeletons that mature in only a few months, while giant breeds, such as the Mastiffs , take 16 to 18 months for the skeleton to mature.
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