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The formation evaluation problem is a matter of answering two questions: What are the lower limits for porosity, permeability and upper limits for water saturation that permit profitable production from a particular formation or pay zone; in a particular geographic area; in a particular economic climate.
The history of group theory, a mathematical domain studying groups in their various forms, has evolved in various parallel threads. There are three historical roots of group theory: the theory of algebraic equations, number theory and geometry.
Given a fixed volume, gas has considerably lower hydrogen concentration. When pore spaces in the rock are excavated and replaced with gas, the formation has smaller neutron-slowing characteristic, hence the terms "Excavation Effect". If this effect is ignored, a neutron log will show a low porosity value.
Neighbour-sensing model is a model that explains the mushroom formation from the initially chaotic fungal network. In computer science, mathematical models may be used to simulate computer networks. In mechanics, mathematical models may be used to analyze the movement of a rocket model.
The curriculum lasted 3 years, the "regular courses" replaced the "revolutionary courses" and there were only 120 new students each year. The school was placed under the supervision of the Ministries of War and the Interior. [26], [14] A Journal Polytechnique (former name of "Journal de l'École polytechnique") was created in 1795.
The SPWLA definition of Formation Evaluation is: "The analysis and interpretation of well-log data, drill-stem tests, etc. in terms of the nature of the formations and their fluid content. The objectives of formation evaluation are to ascertain if commercially producible hydrocarbons (or other forms of energy and minerals) are present,
The formation evaluation gamma ray log is a record of the variation with depth of the natural radioactivity of earth materials in a wellbore. Measurement of natural emission of gamma rays in oil and gas wells are useful because shales and sandstones typically have different gamma ray levels.
Liquid junction potential is established at the direct contact of the mud filtrate and formation water at the edge of the invaded formation. Ions Na + and Cl − diffuse from either solution to the other, but at different rate due to different mobilities. Na + tends to be less mobile due to its affinity for water molecules. E J = K 1 log 10 (a ...