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Clearance of a substance is sometimes expressed as the inverse of the time constant that describes its removal rate from the body divided by its volume of distribution (or total body water). In steady-state, it is defined as the mass generation rate of a substance (which equals the mass removal rate) divided by its concentration in the blood.
The accumulation ratio of a specific drug in humans is determined by clinical studies. According to a 2013 analysis, such studies are typically done with 10 to 20 subjects who are given one single dose followed by a washout phase of seven days , and then seven to 14 repeated doses to reach steady state conditions. Blood samples are drawn 11 ...
The solution of this differential equation is useful in calculating the concentration after the administration of a single dose of drug via IV bolus injection: = C t is concentration after time t; C 0 is the initial concentration (t=0) K is the elimination rate constant
The letters "V" (for volume) and "Q" (a conventional symbol for flow rate) are both used as a symbol for urine flow rate. The V often has a dot , that is, V̇ ("V-dot"). Q max indicates the maximum flow rate. Q max is used as an indicator for the diagnosis of enlarged prostate.
Absolute bioavailability refers to the bioavailability of a drug when administered via an extravascular dosage form (i.e. oral tablet, suppository, subcutaneous, etc.) compared with the bioavailability of the same drug administered intravenously (IV). This is done by comparing the AUC of the non-intravenous dosage form with the AUC for the drug ...
In pharmacokinetics, the rate of infusion (or dosing rate) refers not just to the rate at which a drug is administered, but the desired rate at which a drug should be administered to achieve a steady state of a fixed dose which has been demonstrated to be therapeutically effective. Abbreviations include K in, [1] K 0, [2] or R 0.
This gives a = 100 μg/mL if the drug stays in the blood stream only, and thus its volume of distribution is the same as that is = 0.08 L/kg. If the drug distributes into all body water the volume of distribution would increase to approximately V D = {\displaystyle V_{D}=} 0.57 L/kg [ 8 ]
The formula for calculating the absolute bioavailability, F, of a drug administered orally (po) is given below (where D is dose administered). F a b s = 100 ⋅ A U C p o ⋅ D i v A U C i v ⋅ D p o {\displaystyle F_{\mathrm {abs} }=100\cdot {\frac {AUC_{\mathrm {po} }\cdot D_{\mathrm {iv} }}{AUC_{\mathrm {iv} }\cdot D_{\mathrm {po} }}}}