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The density of plutonium-238 at room temperature is about 19.8 g/cc. [3] The material will generate about 0.57 watts per gram of 238 Pu. [4] The bare sphere critical mass of metallic plutonium-238 is not precisely known, but its calculated range is between 9.04 and 10.07 kilograms. [5]
Download as PDF; Printable version; ... This is an extended version of the energy density table from the main Energy density page: ... Pu-238 α-decay: 2,200,000:
Plutonium dioxide is a stable ceramic material with an extremely low solubility in water and with a high melting point (2,744 °C). The melting point was revised upwards in 2011 by several hundred degrees, based on evidence from rapid laser melting studies which avoid contamination by any container material.
238 Pu has become the most widely used fuel for RTGs, in the form of plutonium(IV) oxide (PuO 2). [37] However, plutonium(IV) oxide containing a natural abundance of oxygen emits neutrons at the rate of roughly 2.3 × 10 3 n/sec/g of plutonium-238. This emission rate is relatively high compared to the neutron emission rate of plutonium-238 metal.
The isotope produces 0.57 watts of thermal power per gram of 238 Pu. [5] The ESA's ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover will use americium-241 RHUs. The half-life of Am-241 is five times that of 238 Pu, with a concomitant reduction in power-density. Soviet missions have used other isotopes, such as the polonium-210 heat source used in the Lunokhod ...
Weapons-grade plutonium is defined as being predominantly Pu-239, typically about 93% Pu-239. [24] Pu-240 is produced when Pu-239 absorbs an additional neutron and fails to fission. Pu-240 and Pu-239 are not separated by reprocessing. Pu-240 has a high rate of spontaneous fission, which can cause a
It would have produced 140 watts of electricity using a quarter of the plutonium an RTG or MMRTG needs. [11] The two finished units had these expected specifications: [12] ≥14-year lifetime; Nominal power: 130 W; Mass: 32 kg (71 lb) System efficiency: ≈ 26%; Total mass of plutonium-238-dioxide: 1.2 kg (2.6 lb)
Plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile, like uranium-235. Small quantities of uranium-236 , neptunium-237 and plutonium-238 are formed similarly from uranium-235. Normally, with low-enriched uranium fuel being changed every five years or so, most of the plutonium-239 is "burned" in the reactor.