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  2. Object copying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_copying

    In that case a new object B is created, and the fields values of A are copied over to B. [3] [4] [5] This is also known as a field-by-field copy, [6] [7] [8] field-for-field copy, or field copy. [9] If the field value is a reference to an object (e.g., a memory address) it copies the reference, hence referring to the same object as A does, and ...

  3. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    Python supports most object oriented programming (OOP) techniques. It allows polymorphism, not only within a class hierarchy but also by duck typing. Any object can be used for any type, and it will work so long as it has the proper methods and attributes. And everything in Python is an object, including classes, functions, numbers and modules.

  4. Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)

    A pointer a pointing to the memory address associated with a variable b, i.e., a contains the memory address 1008 of the variable b.In this diagram, the computing architecture uses the same address space and data primitive for both pointers and non-pointers; this need not be the case.

  5. Method (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_(computer_programming)

    A method is a behavior of an object parametrized by a user. Data is represented as properties of the object, and behaviors are represented as methods. For example, a Window object could have methods such as open and close, while its state (whether it is open or closed at any given point in time) would be a property.

  6. Array programming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_programming

    Unlike object orientation which implicitly breaks down data to its constituent parts (or scalar quantities), array orientation looks to group data and apply a uniform handling. Function rank is an important concept to array programming languages in general, by analogy to tensor rank in mathematics: functions that operate on data may be ...

  7. Foreach loop - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreach_loop

    In object-oriented languages, an iterator, even if implicit, is often used as the means of traversal. The foreach statement in some languages has some defined order, processing each item in the collection from the first to the last. The foreach statement in many other languages, especially array programming languages, does not have any ...

  8. Constructor (object-oriented programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructor_(object...

    Copy constructors define the actions performed by the compiler when copying class objects. A Copy constructor has one formal parameter that is the type of the class (the parameter may be a reference to an object). It is used to create a copy of an existing object of the same class.

  9. Function (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_(computer...

    The value computed during the call is copied to the argument on return: Ada OUT parameters by value-result: A copy of the argument is passed in and the value computed during the call is copied to the argument on return: Algol, Swift in-out parameters by name