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In computer networking, a firewall pinhole is a port that is not protected by a firewall to allow a particular application to gain access to a service on a host in the network protected by the firewall. [1] [2] Leaving ports open in firewall configurations exposes the protected system to potentially malicious abuse.
Officially, this mechanism was created for Microsoft Windows XP and onwards PCs to provide IPv6 connectivity to IPv4 clients by connecting to ipv6.microsoft.com and works in conjunction with IP Helper service and Teredo Tunneling Adapter Interface driver.
Fast-paced online multi-player games may use a hole punching technique or require users to create a permanent firewall pinhole in order to reduce network latency. VPN applications such as Hamachi, ZeroTier, and Tailscale utilize hole punching to allow users to connect directly to subscribed devices behind firewalls.
Anything In Anything (AYIYA) is a computer networking protocol for managing IP tunneling protocols in use between separated Internet Protocol networks. It is most often used to provide IPv6 transit over an IPv4 network link when network address translation masquerades a private network with a single IP address that may change frequently because of DHCP provisioning by Internet service providers.
Technical Report 069 (TR-069) is a document by the Broadband Forum that specifies the CPE WAN Management Protocol (CWMP). CWMP is a SOAP -based protocol for communication between an internet service provider auto configuration server (ACS) and customer-premises equipment (CPE).
ISATAP typically builds its Potential Router List (PRL) by consulting the DNS; hence, in the OSI model it is a lower-layer protocol that relies on a higher layer. A circularity is avoided by relying on an IPv4 DNS server, which does not rely on IPv6 routing being established; however, some network specialists claim that these violations lead to insufficient protocol robustness.
6in4, sometimes referred to as SIT, [a] is an IPv6 transition mechanism for migrating from Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) to IPv6. It is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates IPv6 packets on specially configured IPv4 links according to the specifications of RFC 4213. The IP protocol number for 6in4 is 41, per IANA reservation. [1]
The Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation (SHIM6) protocol is an Internet Layer [1] defined in RFC 5533. Architecture.