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Reverse-path forwarding (RPF) is a technique used in modern routers for the purposes of ensuring loop-free forwarding of multicast packets in multicast routing and to help prevent IP address spoofing in unicast routing.
Topology broadcast based on reverse-path forwarding (TBRPF) is a link-state routing protocol for wireless mesh networks. The obvious design for a wireless link-state protocol (such as the optimized link-state routing protocol) transmits large amounts of routing data, and this limits the utility of a link-state protocol when the network is made of moving nodes.
To implement the multicast routing, Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) and a multicast routing protocol (Reverse-path forwarding, PIM-SM) for registration subscriber grouping and control traffic are required for multicast transmission. [2] [3] [4] Regarding IP multicast, it is a technique for one-to-many communication over an IP network ...
PIM is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol; it can make use of any unicast routing protocol in use on the network. PIM does not build its own routing tables. PIM uses the unicast routing table for reverse-path forwarding. [1]: 56–57 There are four variants of PIM:
Cisco Tag Distribution Protocol [107] [108] [109] —being replaced by the MPLS Label Distribution Protocol [110] 712: Yes: Topology Broadcast based on Reverse-Path Forwarding routing protocol (TBRPF; RFC 3684) 749: Yes: Kerberos administration [11] 750: Yes: kerberos-iv, Kerberos version IV 751: Unofficial: kerberos_master, Kerberos ...
Historically, all mail transfer agents (MTAs) added their host name to the reverse path. In the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) this reverse path is also known as MAIL FROM, but paths were also used before and outside of SMTP, e.g. as bang paths in UUCP and Usenet (Net-News). All news articles still contain a Path header, example:
ECMT in an IEEE 802.1aq network is more predictable than with internet protocol (IP) or multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) because of symmetry between the forward and reverse paths. The choice as to which ECMT path will be used is therefore an operator assigned head end decision while it is a local / hashing decision with IP/MPLS.
Dynamic routes are routes to remote networks that were learned automatically by the router through a dynamic routing protocol. Static routes are routes that a network administrator manually configured. Routing tables are also a key aspect of certain security operations, such as unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF). [2]