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Among the numbered minor planets with an unambiguous period solution are (459872) 2014 EK 24, a 60-meter sized stony NEO with a period of 352 seconds, as well as (335433) 2005 UW 163 and (60716) 2000 GD 65, two main-belt asteroids, with a diameter of 0.86 and 2.25 kilometers and a period of 1.29 and 1.95 hours, respectively (see full list).
Therefore, this article will restrict itself for the most part to the classical asteroids: objects of the asteroid belt, Jupiter trojans, and near-Earth objects. For almost two centuries after the discovery of Ceres in 1801, all known asteroids spent most of their time at or within the orbit of Jupiter, though a few, such as 944 Hidalgo ...
2021 PH 27 has the smallest semi-major axis and shortest orbital period among all known asteroids as of 2021, [7] with a velocity at perihelion of 106 km/s (240,000 mph). [5] It also has the largest relativistic perihelion shift of any object orbiting the Sun, 1.6 times that of Mercury. [ 8 ]
Since then numerous binary asteroids and several triple asteroids have been detected. [1] The mass ratio of the two components – called the "primary" and "secondary" of a binary system – is an important characteristic. Most binary asteroids have a large mass ratio, i.e. a relatively small satellite in orbit around the main component.
The Apollo asteroids are a group of near-Earth asteroids named after 1862 Apollo, discovered by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth in the 1930s. They are Earth-crossing asteroids that have an orbital semi-major axis greater than that of the Earth (a > 1 AU) but perihelion distances less than the Earth's aphelion distance (q < 1.017 AU). [1] [2]
When the mean orbital period of an asteroid is an integer fraction of the orbital period of Jupiter, a mean-motion resonance with the gas giant is created that is sufficient to perturb an asteroid to new orbital elements. Primordial asteroids entered these gaps because of the migration of Jupiter's orbit. [87]
The most prominent algorithms have been the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which looks for groupings with small nearest-neighbour distances in orbital element space, and wavelet analysis, which builds a density-of-asteroids map in orbital element space, and looks for density peaks.
The Eunomia or Eunomian family (FIN: 502) is a large asteroid family of S-type asteroids named after the asteroid 15 Eunomia.It is the most prominent family in the intermediate asteroid belt and the 6th-largest family with nearly six thousand known members, or approximately 1.4% of all asteroids in the asteroid belt.