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The Test of Essential Academic Skills (TEAS Test) is a standardized, multiple choice entrance exam for students applying to nursing and allied health programs in the United States. [1] It is often used to determine the preparedness of potential students to enter into a nursing or allied health program.
The USMLE Step 1 consists of 280 multiple-choice questions administered over an eight-hour period. The exam covers topics such as anatomy, biochemistry, pharmacology, and physiology, among others. Scores used to be reported on a three-digit scale, but as of February 2022 is reported as pass/fail.
The Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT) is a computer-based standardised test in India conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) on behalf of the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), to determine the eligibility of candidates for admission to the Master of Pharmacy (M. Pharm) programme in Indian government and private universities, colleges, and institutes.
In medicine and pharmacology, a trough level or trough concentration (C trough) is the concentration reached by a drug immediately before the next dose is administered, [1] [2] often used in therapeutic drug monitoring.
The Schilling test has multiple stages. [3] As noted below, it can be done at any time after vitamin B 12 supplementation and body store replacement, and some clinicians recommend that in severe deficiency cases, at least several weeks of vitamin repletion be done before the test (more than one B 12 shot, and also oral folic acid), in order to ensure that impaired absorption of B 12 (with or ...
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...
Metabolism of levodopa by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC).COMT inhibitors prevent the conversion of levodopa to 3-O-methyldopa.
Prasugrel, third generation thienopyridine was brought to the market in 2009 by the pharmaceutical companies, Daiichi Sankyo/Eli Lilly. [1] Prasugrel, like its precursors is a pro-drug but its metabolism starts in the intestines where it is metabolized by esterase into a thiolactone, this inactive intermediate then undergoes CYP-mediated ring ...