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The Council of Jerusalem or Apostolic Council is a council described in chapter 15 of the Acts of the Apostles, held in Jerusalem c. AD 48–50.. The council decided that Gentiles who converted to Christianity were not obligated to keep most of the rules prescribed to the Jews by the Mosaic Law, such as Jewish dietary laws and other specific rituals, including the rules concerning circumcision ...
The Jews of Europe in the Modern Era: A Socio-historical Outline. Budapest: Central European University Press 2004. Lambert, Nick. Jews and Europe in the Twenty-First Century. London: Vallentine Mitchell 2008. Ruderman, David B. (2010). Early Modern Jewry: A New Cultural History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3469-3. Vital. David.
Yiddish has been spoken by more Jews in history than any other language, [202] but it is far less used today following the Holocaust and the adoption of Modern Hebrew by the Zionist movement and the State of Israel. In some places, the mother language of the Jewish community differs from that of the general population or the dominant group.
This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Herzl's 1897 article "Mauschel" Mauschel is an article written and published by Theodor Herzl in 1897. The text appeared in his newspaper, Die Welt, which was to become the principal outlet for the Zionist movement down to 1914, and was published roughly a month after the conclusion of the First ...
Siege and destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans, painted c. 1504. According to the article on Rome in The Jewish Encyclopedia, [5]. Jews have lived in Rome for over 2,000 years, longer than in any other European city.
During the history of the Jewish diaspora, Jews who lived in Christian Europe were often attacked by the local Christian population, and they were often forced to convert to Christianity. Many, known as "Anusim" ('forced-ones'), continued practicing Judaism in secret while living outwardly as ordinary Christians.
Chazan, Robert. "Christian and Jewish Perceptions of 1096: A Case Study of Trier." Jewish History 13(1999): 9-21. Charanis, Peter. "The Jews in the Byzantine Empire under the First Palaeologi." Speculum, 22(1947): 75–77. Fieldman, Louis. Jew and Gentile in the Ancient World: Attitudes and Interactions from Alexander to Justinian. Princeton ...
It is estimated by some modern geneticists from Israel that modern Ashkenazi Jews descend from about 25,000 individuals who lived in 1300 A.D. [15] [16] A more recent study by Shai Carmi et al. indicated an even smaller population, where modern Ashkenazi Jews commonly descend from only approximately 350 individuals who lived around 1350 A.D ...