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The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
This is a list including all rulers who had carried the title of emperor or who ruled over an empire through history. Some titles meaning "emperor" might not have been used in the context like "padishah" under the Kingdom of Afghanistan or "tsar" under Kingdom of Bulgaria .
Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany; Emperors Elect, Kings – Leopold I, Emperor Elect, King (1658–1705) Joseph I, Emperor Elect (1705–1711), King (1690–1711) Charles VI, Emperor Elect, King (1711–1740) Charles VII, Emperor Elect, King (1742–1745) Francis I, Emperor Elect (1745–1765), King (1745–1764)
Holy Roman Empire: Duchy of Poland: Peace of Bautzen: Henry II: Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis (1015–1019) Duchy of Poland. Holy Roman Empire Pechenegs. Kievan Rus' Victory. Temporary victory for Sviatopolk and Boleslaw; Polish sack of Kiev; Henry II: German–Polish War (1028–1031) Holy Roman Empire. Duchy of Saxony
Afrikaans; Alemannisch; Anarâškielâ; Аԥсшәа; العربية; Aragonés; ܐܪܡܝܐ; Asturianu; Azərbaycanca; বাংলা; 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
His title Maharajadhiraja ("king of great kings") suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to Licchavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
List of Satavahana dynasty rulers Serial. Nu Ruler Reign 1 Simuka: before 100 BCE 2 Kanha: c. 100–70 BCE 3 Satakarni I: c. 70–60 BCE 4 Satakarni II: c. 50–25 BCE Kshatrapa interregnum rule with vassal Satavahana kings: 5 Hāla (vassal under Kshatrapas) c. 20–24 CE 6 Nahapana (Kshatrapas King) c. 54–100 CE Restored Satavahana dynasty: 7