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The Aswan Dam, or Aswan High Dam, is one of the world's largest embankment dams, which was built across the Nile in Aswan, Egypt, between 1960 and 1970. When it was completed, it was the tallest earthen dam in the world, surpassing the Chatuge Dam in the United States. [ 2 ]
First in 1902 due to the construction of the Aswan Lower Dam, then in both 1912 and 1933 due to the rising water levels, and a fourth time after the creation of the Aswan High Dam. The forced relocation stripped many native Nubians of their ancestral homelands, with the compensation of unsuitable homes for living and agriculture.
Aswan High Dam. The construction of the Aswan High Dam began in 1960 at the behest of Lake Nasser's namesake and the second president of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser. It was President Anwar Sadat who inaugurated the lake and dam in 1971. [8] Finished in 1970, the Aswan High Dam across the Nile was built to replace the insufficient Aswan Low Dam ...
The main dam is 14 km (9 mi) from the border with Sudan. Supporting the main dam and reservoir is a curved and 4.9 km (3 mi) long and 50 m (164 ft) high rock-filled saddle dam. [49] The ground level of the saddle dam is at an elevation of about 600 m (2,000 ft) above sea level. The surface is concrete to keep the interior dry.
In 1963, as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia, UNESCO helped rescue and relocate the temple from flooding caused by the Aswan High Dam. [5] Egypt gave the temple to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, which has exhibited it since 1978. [2] Temple complex drawing, 1817 Photograph of the temple, 1867
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The temple was relocated during the 1960s as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia as a result of the Aswan High Dam project and moved towards higher ground along with the Temple of Kalabsha. This move was coordinated with a team of Polish archaeologists financed jointly by a Swiss and Chicago Institute respectively.
However, they were still not able to retain sufficient water to cope with the driest summers, despite the Aswan Low Dam being raised twice, in 1907–1912 and in 1929–1933. During the 1920s, the Sennar Dam was constructed on the Blue Nile as a reservoir in order to supply water to the huge Gezira Scheme on a regular basis. It was the first ...