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Thomson made the discovery around the same time that Walter Kaufmann and Emil Wiechert discovered the correct mass to charge ratio of these cathode rays (electrons). [ 35 ] The name "electron" was adopted for these particles by the scientific community, mainly due to the advocation by George Francis FitzGerald , Joseph Larmor , and Hendrik ...
It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911. The model tried to account for two properties of atoms then known: that there are electrons, and that atoms have no net electric charge.
Thomson's measurement convinced him that cathode rays were particles, which were later identified as electrons, and he is generally credited with their discovery. The CODATA recommended value is −e/m e = −1.758 820 008 38 (55) × 10 11 C⋅kg −1. [2] CODATA refers to this as the electron charge-to-mass quotient, but ratio is still ...
A 1905 diagram by J. J. Thomson illustrating his hypothesized arrangements of electrons in an atom, ranging from one to eight electrons. The arrangement of seven electrons in a pentagonal dipyramid. Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible division of matter until 1899 when J. J. Thomson discovered the electron through his work on cathode ...
[33] [34]: 393 Decades of experimental and theoretical research involving cathode rays were important in J. J. Thomson's eventual discovery of electrons. [3] Goldstein also experimented with double cathodes and hypothesized that one ray may repulse another, although he didn't believe that any particles might be involved. [35]
The Thomson problem is a natural consequence of J. J. Thomson's plum pudding model in the absence of its uniform positive background charge. [ 12 ] "No fact discovered about the atom can be trivial, nor fail to accelerate the progress of physical science, for the greater part of natural philosophy is the outcome of the structure and mechanism ...
Walter Kaufmann uses a mass spectrometer to measure the relativistic mass increase of electrons. 1905 J. J. Thomson begins his study of positive rays. 1906 Thomson is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases" 1913
Discovery of the ultraviolet radiation below 200 nm, named vacuum ultraviolet (later identified as photons) because it is strongly absorbed by air, by the German physicist Victor Schumann [2] 1895 X-ray produced by Wilhelm Röntgen (later identified as photons) [3] 1897 Electron discovered by J. J. Thomson [4] 1899