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Cost accounting is defined by the Institute of Management Accountants as "a systematic set of procedures for recording and reporting measurements of the cost of manufacturing goods and performing services in the aggregate and in detail.
In business economics cost breakdown analysis is a method of cost analysis, which itemizes the cost of a certain product or service into its various components, the so-called cost drivers. The cost breakdown analysis is a popular cost reduction strategy and a viable opportunity for businesses.
Substantive procedures (or substantive tests) are those activities performed by the auditor to detect material misstatement at the assertion level. [1]Management implicitly assert that account balances and disclosures and underlying classes of transactions do not contain any material misstatements: in other words, that they are materially complete, valid and accurate.
The auditor must state in the auditor's report whether the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The auditor must identify in the auditor's report those circumstances in which such principles have not been consistently observed in the current period in relation to the preceding period.
IAS 1 sets out the purpose of financial statements as the provision of useful information on the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an entity, and categorizes the information provided into assets, liabilities, income and expenses, contributions by and distribution to owners, and cash flows.
The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are a set of accounting principles, procedures and standards that organisations use in order to compile their financial statements. GAAP states that the purpose of account reconciliation is to provide accuracy and consistency in financial accounts. To ensure all cash outlays and inlays match ...
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) describes the procedures used to get audit evidence. This includes inspection, observation, inquiry, confirmation, recalculation, reperformance, and analytical procedures. [5] Inspection occurs when the auditor check's the clients records for important evidence. These records can be from the ...
Activity-based costing was first clearly defined in 1987 by Robert S. Kaplan and W. Bruns as a chapter in their book Accounting and Management: A Field Study Perspective. [8] They initially focused on manufacturing industry where increasing technology and productivity improvements have reduced the relative proportion of the direct costs of ...