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The world itself is text; a reference to a pure meaning prior to language cannot be expressed in it. [38] As he stressed, "the subject is not some meta-linguistic substance or identity, some pure cogito of self-presence; it is always inscribed in language". [39] Michel Foucault challenged the foundational aspects of Enlightenment humanism. [40]
Thomas Hobbes is an example of misanthropy in early modern philosophy. His negative outlook on humanity is reflected in many of his works. For him, humans are egoistic and violent: they act according to their self-interest and are willing to pursue their goals at the expense of others.
Property scholars define dehumanization as "the failure to recognize an individual's or group's humanity." [74] Dehumanization often occurs alongside property confiscation. When a property takeover is coupled with dehumanization, the result is a dignity taking. [74] There are several examples of dignity takings involving dehumanization.
Other Indo-European languages name man for his mortality, *mr̥tós meaning ' mortal ', so in Armenian mard, Persian mard, Sanskrit marta and Greek βροτός meaning ' mortal, human '. This is comparable to the Semitic word for ' man ' , represented by Arabic insan إنسان (cognate with Hebrew ʼenōš אֱנוֹשׁ ), from a root for ...
In dystopias, religious groups may play the role of oppressed or oppressor. One of the earliest examples is Robert Hugh Benson's Lord of the World, about a futuristic world where Marxists and Freemasons led by the Antichrist have taken over the world and the only remaining source of dissent is a tiny and persecuted Catholic minority. [46]
Also called humanocentrism. The practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe. This is similar, but not identical, to the practice of relating all that happens in the universe to the human experience. To clarify, the first position concludes that the fact of human existence is the point of universal existence; the ...
Elon Musk’s love of video games is well-documented. The night he decided to buy Twitter, the social media platform now known as X, he played video games until 5:30 a.m., his biographer Walter ...
For example, Hassan is a known scholar whose theoretical writings expressly address postmodernity in society. [24] Beyond postmodernist studies, posthumanism has been developed and deployed by various cultural theorists, often in reaction to problematic inherent assumptions within humanistic and enlightenment thought.