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The bulk of the human religious experience pre-dates written history, which is roughly 70,000 years old. [1] A lack of written records results in most of the knowledge of pre-historic religion being derived from archaeological records and other indirect sources, and from suppositions. Much pre-historic religion is subject to continued debate.
The Pyramid Texts from ancient Egypt, the oldest known religious texts in the world, date to between 2400 and 2300 BCE. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] The earliest records of Indian religion are the Vedas , composed c. 1500–1200 BCE during the Vedic Period .
Religious tradition founded Historical founder(s) Life of historical founder Of Divine origin (Hinduism) Hinduism: The Saptarishi: c. 15th century BC to 10th century BC Abraham (covenant with God) Moses (religious law) Judaism: Yahwists [n 1] c. 13th [1] [2] [3] to 8th century BC [n 2] Laozi: Taoism: Zhuang Zhou: 369 BC – 286 BC
The date used as the end of the ancient era is arbitrary. The transition period from Classical Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages is known as Late Antiquity.Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world: generally from the end of the Roman Empire's ...
Soon after, writing was used to record myth. The first religious texts mark the beginning of religious history. The Pyramid Texts from ancient Egypt form one of the oldest known religious texts in the world, dating to between 2400 and 2300 BCE. [65] [66] [67] [unreliable source?] Writing played a major role in sustaining and spreading organized ...
New religious movements such as neopaganism take theological, spiritual, and cultural positions unlike those of the mainstream religions which dominate world discourse. One major stream of neopaganism is reconstructionism , where practitioners attempt to reconstruct the beliefs and practices of long-lost faiths.
Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories: world religions, a term which refers to transcultural, international faiths; Indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and new religious movements, which refers to recently developed faiths. [5]
It is the oldest religious text in any Indo-European language. A page from the Codex Vaticanus manuscript (4th century CE) in the Greek Old and New Testament, currently preserved in the Vatican Library, Rome. A page from one of the early Quranic manuscripts (7th century CE), currently preserved in the National Museum of New Delhi, India.