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The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a new religious movement, [2] a black nationalist religion, [3] and an African-American religion. [4] As well as being characterised as an "ethno-religious movement", [5] it has been labelled a social movement. [6]
The Nation of Islam (NOI) is a black nationalist religious group founded in the United States by Wallace Fard Muhammad in 1930. While it identifies itself as promoting a form of Islam, its beliefs differ considerably from mainstream Islamic traditions. Scholars of religion characterize it as a new religious movement. It operates as a ...
Nation of Islam tradition holds that Fard was born in Mecca, while scholars have considered a wide variety of possible origins and backgrounds. In the 1960s, the FBI identified Fard as "Wallie Dodd Ford", a Los Angeles restauranteur who had spent three years in prison in California for the sale of a narcotic; The Nation of Islam disputes the ...
After the 1975 death of Elijah Muhammad, his son, Warith Deen Mohammed, became the leader of the Nation of Islam. He rejected many of his father's views, including black separatism and belief in the divinity of Wallace Fard Muhammad, founder of the Nation of Islam. He was "determined to bring it into conformity with mainstream Islam". [3]
Modern Nation of Islam theology is based upon the belief that Fard's teaching of Elijah Muhammad was fulfillment of scripture regarding God's teaching of an Apostle, where Fard is described as "God in Person", the "Messiah", and the "Mahdi". [75] [76] Fard wrote the following for his followers:
Message to the Blackman in America is a book published by original Nation of Islam founder Elijah Muhammad in 1965 and reprinted several times thereafter. Beginning with a brief autobiography of Muhammad, it covers his philosophies on race, the religion of Islam, politics, economics, and social issues, and how they relate to the problems of African-Americans.
I ask you to be citizens: Citizens, not spectators; citizens, not subjects; responsible citizens building communities of service and a nation of character. Americans are generous and strong and ...
The Nation of Islam is estimated to have between 20,000 and 50,000 members, [25] and 130 mosques offering numerous social programs. [26] Upon his death, his son Warith Deen Mohammed succeeded him. Warith disbanded the Nation of Islam in 1976 and founded an orthodox mainstream Islamic organization, that came to be known as the American Society ...