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Muscles from the mid to upper back, like the lats, erector spinae, and quadratus lumborum stretch all the way down to the low back. Injury in muscles from the back of the legs, like the gluteals ...
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
[1]: 274 It consists of a superficial lamina derived primarily from the latissimus dorsi and serratus posterior inferior, and a deeper lamina which forms a retinacular sheet encapsulating the paraspinal muscles. [3] The posterior layer is attached to the spinous processes of lumbar and sacral vertebrae, and to the supraspinous ligament.
The superior lumbar (Grynfeltt-Lesshaft) triangle is formed medially by the quadratus lumborum, laterally by the posterior border of internal abdominal oblique muscle, and superiorly by the 12th rib. The floor of the superior lumbar triangle is the transversalis fascia and its roof is the external abdominal oblique muscle.
Laterally, the ligament attaches onto the posterior part of the inner lip of the iliac crest. [1] More precisely, its lateral attachment is by two main bands: [2] the superior band (which is one of the attachments of the quadratus lumborum muscle) attaches onto the iliac crest anterior to the sacroiliac joint.
The quadratus lumborum muscle originates by aponeurotic fibers into the iliolumbar ligament and the internal lip of the iliac crest for about 5 centimetres (2.0 in). It inserts from the lower border of the last rib for about half its length and by four small tendons from the apices of the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae.
The nerves pass obliquely outward behind the Psoas major, or between its fasciculi, distributing filaments to it and the Quadratus lumborum. As the nerves travel forward, they create nervous plexuses. The first three lumbar nerves, and the greater part of the fourth together form the lumbar plexus.
The ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the first lumbar nerve (L1). It separates from the first lumbar nerve along with the larger iliohypogastric nerve.It emerges from the lateral border of the psoas major just inferior to the iliohypogastric, and passes obliquely across the quadratus lumborum and iliacus.