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Cross-stitch sampler, Germany Cross stitching using a hoop and showing use of enamel needle minder. Cross-stitch is a form of sewing and a popular form of counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches (called cross stitches) in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to form a picture.
A needlework sampler is a piece of embroidery or cross-stitching produced as a 'specimen of achievement', [1] demonstration or a test of skill in needlework. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It often includes the alphabet, figures, motifs, decorative borders and sometimes the name of the person who embroidered it and the date.
Detail of cross stitch embroidery from Sweden. Cross stitch sampler with alphabets, crowns, and coronets, 1760 Cross stitch in canvas work. Cross stitches in embroidery, needlepoint, and other forms of needlework include a number of related stitches in which the thread is sewn in an x or + shape.
Some of the basic stitches of embroidery are running stitch, cross stitch, stem stitch, back stitch, satin stitch, chain stitch and blanket stitch. [3] Stitches are categorized to stitch families based on the nature of the technique used to create the individual stitch. [4] Some embroidery books will include name variations.
Counted cross-stitch embroidery, Hungary, mid-20th century. Counted-thread embroidery is any embroidery in which the number of warp and weft yarns in a fabric are methodically counted for each stitch, resulting in uniform-length stitches and a precise, uniform embroidery pattern. [1]
Most commercial needlework kits recommend one of the variants of tent stitch, although Victorian cross stitch and random long stitch are also used. [28] Authors of books of needlepoint designs sometimes use a wider range of stitches. [29] [30] Historically, a very wide range of stitches have been used including: Arraiolos stitch for Arraiolos rugs