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As of 2020, estimated costs of production are $1–1.80/kg for grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen, [177] and $2.50–6.80 for green hydrogen. [ 177 ] 94 million tonnes of grey hydrogen are produced globally using fossil fuels as of 2022, primarily natural gas, and are therefore a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions.
In this context, hydrogen economy encompasses the production of hydrogen and the use of hydrogen in ways that contribute to phasing-out fossil fuels and limiting climate change. Hydrogen can be produced by several means. Most hydrogen produced today is gray hydrogen, made from natural gas through steam methane reforming (SMR).
The cost of hydrogen production by reforming fossil fuels depends on the scale at which it is done, the capital cost of the reformer, and the efficiency of the unit, so that whilst it may cost only a few dollars per kilogram of hydrogen at an industrial scale, it could be more expensive at the smaller scale needed for fuel cells.
California first state to get federal funds for hydrogen energy hub to help replace fossil fuels. July 17, 2024 at 8:10 PM ... $7 billion program that will kickstart development and production of ...
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Trump wants to boost fossil fuels and rein in renewables. ... US oil and natural gas production has already reached record ... and green-hydrogen equipment, according to S&P Global. “If Trump ...
Non-renewable forms of hydrogen include grey, brown, blue or black hydrogen which are obtained from the processing of fossil fuels. [5] Natural hydrogen is believed to exist in economically viable concentrations and locations on every continent. [6]
Innovation in hydrogen electrolyzers could make large-scale production of hydrogen from electricity more cost-competitive. [139] There is potential for hydrogen produced this way to play a significant role in decarbonizing energy systems where there are challenges and limitations to replacing fossil fuels with direct use of electricity. [129]