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  2. Fractionating column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionating_column

    The amount of heat entering the column from the reboiler and with the feed must equal the amount heat removed by the overhead condenser and with the products. The heat entering a distillation column is a crucial operating parameter, addition of excess or insufficient heat to the column can lead to foaming, weeping, entrainment, or flooding.

  3. Batch distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batch_distillation

    Diagram of a Batch Rectifier. The simplest and most frequently used batch distillation configuration is the batch rectifier, including the alembic and pot still.The batch rectifier consists of a pot (or reboiler), rectifying column, a condenser, some means of splitting off a portion of the condensed vapour (distillate) as reflux, and one or more receivers.

  4. McCabe–Thiele method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCabe–Thiele_method

    The rectifying section operating line for the section above the inlet feed stream of the distillation column (shown in green in Figure 1) starts at the intersection of the distillate composition line and the x = y line and continues at a downward slope of L / (D + L), where L is the molar flow rate of reflux and D is the molar flow rate of the ...

  5. Modelling Condensate Distillation Coloumn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modelling_Condensate...

    The column consists of three sections: a stripping section, a rectification section, and a feed section. For rectification and stripping a countercurrent liquid phase must flow through the column, so that liquid and vapour can contact each other on each stage.

  6. Column still - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_still

    A column still, also called a continuous still, patent still or Coffey still, is a variety of still consisting of two columns. Column stills can produce rectified spirit (95% ABV ). Description

  7. Fractional distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_distillation

    The fractional distillation of organic substances played an important role in the 9th-century works attributed to the Islamic alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan, as for example in the Kitāb al-Sabʿīn ('The Book of Seventy'), translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona (c. 1114–1187) under the title Liber de septuaginta. [1]

  8. Air separation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_separation

    Distillation column in a cryogenic air separation plant The cryogenic separation process [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] requires a very tight integration of heat exchangers and separation columns to obtain a good efficiency and all the energy for refrigeration is provided by the compression of the air at the inlet of the unit.

  9. Continuous distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_distillation

    Image 1: Typical industrial distillation towers Image 2: A crude oil vacuum distillation column as used in oil refineries. Continuous distillation, a form of distillation, is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously (without interruption) fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams.