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Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as streptococcal sore throat (strep throat), is pharyngitis (an infection of the pharynx, the back of the throat) caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, a gram-positive, group A streptococcus. [9] [10] Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the front
Pharyngitis is a type of upper respiratory tract infection. [7] Most cases are caused by a viral infection. [2] Strep throat, a bacterial infection, is the cause in about 25% of children and 10% of adults. [2] Uncommon causes include other bacteria such as gonococcus, fungi, irritants such as smoke, allergies, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.
The proper treatment depends on what’s causing the infection, Woods says. “Pink eye, often caused by bacteria but occasionally caused by viruses and/or seasonal allergies, may need treatment ...
It compared delaying antibiotic treatment to either starting them immediately or to no antibiotics. Outcomes were mixed depending on the respiratory tract infection; symptoms of acute otitis media and sore throat were modestly improved with immediate antibiotics with minimal difference in complication rate.
Streptococcus constellatus is a species of Streptococcus [2] bacteria that is part of the normal flora in the oral cavity, urogenital region, and intestinal tract. However, it can frequently cause purulent infections in other parts of the body. [3]
The Centor criteria are a set of criteria which may be used to identify the likelihood of a bacterial infection in patients complaining of a sore throat. They were developed as a method to quickly diagnose the presence of Group A streptococcal infection or diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in "adult patients who presented to an urban emergency room complaining of a sore throat."
[1] [5] Confirmation may be by a throat swab or rapid strep test. [1] [5] Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications. [5] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to help with pain. [1] [5] If strep throat is present the antibiotic penicillin by mouth is generally recommended.
The two most prominent infections of GAS are both non-invasive: strep throat (pharyngitis) where it causes 15–30% of the childhood cases and 10% of adult cases, and impetigo. [4] These may be effectively treated with antibiotics. Scarlet fever is also a non-invasive infection caused by GAS, although much less common.