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  2. Lee wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_wave

    Waves may also form in dry air without cloud markers. [4] Wave clouds do not move downwind as clouds usually do, but remain fixed in position relative to the obstruction that forms them. Around the crest of the wave, adiabatic expansion cooling can form a cloud in shape of a lens (lenticularis). Multiple lenticular clouds can be stacked on top ...

  3. Wave turbulence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_turbulence

    Two generic types of wave turbulence should be distinguished: statistical wave turbulence (SWT) and discrete wave turbulence (DWT). In SWT theory exact and quasi-resonances are omitted, which allows using some statistical assumptions and describing the wave system by kinetic equations and their stationary solutions – the approach developed by Vladimir E. Zakharov.

  4. List of cloud types - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cloud_types

    Thin scattered wave-cloud resembling cirrocumulus. Low stratocumuliform Wave-cloud resembling stratocumulus, especially as a polar cap cloud over the winter pole which is mostly composed of suspended frozen carbon dioxide. [25] [26] Surface-based Morning fog of water and/or carbon dioxide commonly forms in low areas of the planet.

  5. Clear-air turbulence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clear-air_turbulence

    Wind flow over a mountain produces oscillations (A), (B) etc. Mountain waves are formed when four requirements are met. When these factors coincide with jet streams, CAT can occur: A mountain range, not an isolated mountain; Strong perpendicular wind; Wind direction maintained with altitude; Temperature inversion at the top of the mountain range

  6. Orographic lift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orographic_lift

    The island generates wave motion in the wind passing over it, creating regularly spaced orographic clouds. The wave crests raise and cool the air to form clouds, while the troughs remain too low for cloud formation. Note that while the wave motion is generated by orographic lift, it is not required. In other words, one cloud often forms at the ...

  7. Yes, turbulence is getting worse, but deaths are very rare ...

    www.aol.com/yes-turbulence-getting-worse-deaths...

    Mountain wave turbulence, as the name suggests, happens when the wind hits a mountain and is forced upward off its blustery path. That's why it's common to hit some bumps when you're flying over ...

  8. Sierra Wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Wave

    The Sierra Wave is a type of air current created by winds that lift off the Sierra Nevada mountain range of California. Known as lee waves , Sierra Waves form as winds hit the Sierra Nevada and are forced to rise, causing water vapor to condense as it cools and forming lenticular clouds on the leeward side of the mountain range.

  9. Convective instability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_instability

    Convective Instability, denoted in the red highlighted region ("positive area"), on a Skew-T log-P diagram. In meteorology, convective instability or stability of an air mass refers to its ability to resist vertical motion. A stable atmosphere makes vertical movement difficult, and small vertical disturbances dampen out and disappear.