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Posidonius calculated the Earth's circumference by reference to the position of the star Canopus.As explained by Cleomedes, Posidonius observed Canopus on but never above the horizon at Rhodes, while at Alexandria he saw it ascend as far as 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 degrees above the horizon (the meridian arc between the latitude of the two locales is actually 5 degrees 14 minutes).
The second book contains his calculation of the circumference of the Earth. This is where, according to Pliny, "The world was grasped." Here Eratosthenes described his famous story of the well in Syene, wherein at noon each summer solstice, the Sun's rays shone straight down into the city-center well. [ 22 ]
Abu Rayhan Biruni (973–1048), in contrast to his predecessors, who measured Earth's circumference by sighting the Sun simultaneously from two different locations, developed a new method of using trigonometric calculations based on the angle between a plain and mountain top. This yielded more accurate measurements of Earth's circumference and ...
However, Eratosthenes (c. 276 – c. 194/195 BC) was the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth. Posidonius ( c. 135 – c. 51 BC ) also measured the diameters and distances of the Sun and the Moon as well as the Earth's diameter; his measurement of the diameter of the Sun was more accurate than Aristarchus', differing from ...
He was the first to calculate the Earth's circumference (within 0.5 percent accuracy). [28] His great achievement in the field of cartography was the use of a new technique of charting with meridians , his imaginary north–south lines, and parallels , his imaginary west–east lines. [ 29 ]
Arc measurement of Eratosthenes. Arc measurement, [1] sometimes called degree measurement [2] (German: Gradmessung), [3] is the astrogeodetic technique of determining the radius of Earth and, by extension, its circumference.
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Eratosthenes (c. 276 – c. 194/195 BC), a Greek mathematician who calculated the circumference of the Earth and also the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC), a Greek mathematician who measured the radii of the Sun and the Moon as well as their distances from the Earth. On the Sizes and Distances