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2. Data preparation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_preparation

   Given the variety of data sources (e.g. databases, business applications) that provide data and formats that data can arrive in, data preparation can be quite involved and complex. There are many tools and technologies [5] that are used for data preparation. The cost of cleaning the data should always be balanced against the value of the ...

3. Data analysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_analysis

   Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data, and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [1] Data is collected and analyzed to answer questions, test hypotheses, or disprove theories. [11] Statistician John Tukey, defined data analysis in 1961, as:

4. Data preprocessing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Preprocessing

   Data preprocessing can refer to manipulation, filtration or augmentation of data before it is analyzed, [1] and is often an important step in the data mining process. Data collection methods are often loosely controlled, resulting in out-of-range values, impossible data combinations, and missing values , amongst other issues.

5. Data collection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_collection

   Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, [2] and business ...

6. Data processing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_processing

   Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information. [1] Data processing is a form of information processing , which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer.

7. Exploratory data analysis - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis

   Tukey defined data analysis in 1961 as: "Procedures for analyzing data, techniques for interpreting the results of such procedures, ways of planning the gathering of data to make its analysis easier, more precise or more accurate, and all the machinery and results of (mathematical) statistics which apply to analyzing data."