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MGUS is a relatively stable condition afflicting 3% of people aged 50 and 5% of people aged 70; it progresses to multiple myeloma at a rate of 0.5–1% cases per year; smoldering multiple myeloma does so at a rate of 10% per year for the first 5 years, but then falls off sharply to 3% per year for the next 5 years and thereafter to 1% per year.
Secondary PCL (sPCL) is diagnosed in 1-4% of patients known to have had multiple myeloma for a median time of ~21 months. It is the terminal phase of these patients' myeloma disease. sPCL patients typically are highly symptomatic due to extensive disease with malignant plasma cell infiltrations in, and failures of, not only the bone marrow but also other organs.
Whereas high risk MDS is associated with a life expectancy of less than 3 years. [ 36 ] Stem-cell transplantation offers possible cure, with survival rates of 50% at 3 years, although older patients do poorly.
The success of treatment depends on the type of leukemia and the age of the person. Outcomes have improved in the developed world. [10] The average five-year survival rate is 65% in the United States. [4] In children under 15, the five-year survival rate is greater (60 to 85%), depending on the type of leukemia. [13]
Survival rates for most childhood cancers have improved, with a notable improvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (the most common childhood cancer). Due to improved treatment, the 5-year survival rate for acute lymphoblastic leukemia has increased from less than 10% in the 1960s to about 90% during the time period 2003-2009.
Five-year survival rates for these categories are 87%, 68%, and 36%, respectively. [82] The corresponding median survival rates are 12, 8, and 3.5 years. [83] The International Prognostic Scoring System for Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia has been shown to be reliable. [84] It is also applicable to patients on a rituximab-based treatment ...
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