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A direct democracy, or pure democracy, is a type of democracy where the people govern directly, by voting on laws and policies. It requires wide participation of citizens in politics. [ 4 ] Athenian democracy , or classical democracy, refers to a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens.
Other cultures, such as the Iroquois in the Americas also developed a form of democratic society between 1450 and 1660 (and possibly in 1142 [67]), well before contact with the Europeans. This democracy continues to the present day and is the world's oldest standing representative democracy. [68] [69]
Representative democracy can be organized in different ways including both parliamentary and presidential systems of government. Elected representatives typically form a legislature (such as a parliament or congress), which may be composed of a single chamber (unicameral), two chambers (bicameral), or more than two chambers (multicameral).
Democracy and separation of powers are not ends in themselves but only means to the end of securing natural rights. Old-guard Republican elites have a totally different view of the Constitution.
In addition, there are a few countries which use the term "Democratic Republic" in the name and have a good record of holding free or relatively free general elections and were rated "flawed democracy" or "full democracy" in the Democracy Index, such as the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste , the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe ...
Participatory democracy is a type of democracy, which is itself a form of government. The term "democracy" is derived from the Ancient Greek: δημοκρατία, romanized: dēmokratía from δῆμος/dēmos 'people' and κράτος/kratos 'rule'. [3] It has two main subtypes, direct and representative democracy.
Although social democracy originated as a revolutionary socialist or communist movement, [52] one distinction between democratic socialism and social democracy is that the former can include revolutionary means. [122] The latter proposes representative democracy under the rule of law as the only acceptable constitutional form of government. [123]
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.