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Robert Hoyland describes it as a poll tax originally paid by "the conquered people" to the mostly-Arab conquerors, but it later became a "religious tax, payable only by non-Muslims". [ 179 ] Jews and Christians in some southern and eastern areas of the Arabian Peninsula began to pay tribute, called jizya , to the Islamic state during Muhammad's ...
Poll tax, also called a head tax, is a fixed tax that must be paid by each person. Fiscus Judaicus, was a tax that Jews were required to pay in the Roman Empire; Jizya is a tax paid by non-Muslims in a Muslim state. Compare to Zakat. Leibzoll was tax that Jews were required to pay in Medieval Europe. Temple tax was a Roman tax used to pay for ...
Poll taxes are regressive, meaning the higher someone's income is, the lower the tax is as a proportion of income: for example, a $100 tax on an income of $10,000 is a 1% tax rate, while $100 tax on a $500 income is 20%. Its acceptance or "neutrality" depends on the balance between the tax demanded and the resources of the population.
Not only do foreign multinationals pay 80% of Ireland's corporation tax, [13] but they also directly employ 10% of the Irish labour force, rising to 23% when Public Sector, agri and finance jobs are excluded [33] and pay 50% of all Irish salary taxes using the same metric; [34] in 2016, they were 57% of all Irish non-farm OECD value-add (see ...
For example, a person earning €50,000 may pay income tax at 20% (€10,000); the church tax is an additional 8% (or 9%) of that sum (€800 or €900). [10] The paid church tax is deductable in year of paying and reduces the taxable income.
The winning tax farmers (called publicani) paid the tax revenue to the government in advance and then kept the taxes collected from individuals. The publicani paid the tax revenue in coins, but collected the taxes using other exchange media, thus relieving the government of the work to carry out the currency conversion themselves. The revenue ...
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Non-Muslim members have equal political and cultural rights as Muslims. They will have autonomy and freedom of religion. [140] Non-Muslims will take up arms against the enemy of the Ummah and share the cost of war. There is to be no treachery between the two. [141] Non-Muslims will not be obliged to take part in religious wars of the Muslims. [142]