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Doctors usually suggest surgery to alleviate incontinence only after other treatments have been tried. Many surgical options have high rates of success. Less-invasive variants of the sling operation have been shown to be equally effective in treating stress incontinence as surgical sling operations. [15] One such surgery is urethropexy.
Transvaginal mesh, also known as midurethral or bladder neck sling for SUI repair, can be used to support the urethra or the neck of the bladder in two surgical approaches, namely the retropubic and transobturator. In the retropubic approach, two incisions above the pubic bone and one incision in the vagina are performed. [14]
A urethral bulking injection is one type of treatment for incontinence in women. Urethral bulking injections are considered by a clinician when the woman has urinary sphincter dysfunction, urethral hypermobility, persistent stress urinary incontinence after a urethral sling or urethropexy, or stress urinary incontinence in women who cannot undergo surgery due to other illnesses or conditions.
Common surgical techniques for stress incontinence include slings, tension-free vaginal tape, bladder suspension, artificial urinary sphincters, among others. [9] It is not clear if antibiotics taken prophylactically after surgery are helpful at decreasing the risk of an infection after surgery. [66]
Additionally, despite the novel treatment options (slings, urethral bulking injections, stem-cell therapy), AUS is considered to be the gold standard surgical management both for stress incontinence in men and for urinary incontinence developed as a complication of surgery, such as prostatectomy, cystectomy and TURP. [8] [4] [3]
When operating a pelvic organ prolapse, introducing a mid-urethral sling during or after surgery seems to reduce stress urinary incontinence. [13] Transvaginal repair seems to be more effective than transanal repair in posterior wall prolapse, but adverse effects cannot be excluded. [14] According to the FDA, serious complications are "not rare ...